Industry

Source: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Related Articles: “Europe Must Defend Europe”: U.S.

The post-2022 acceleration is concentrated in TFP, while capital deepening and labour composition contribute much less. Related Articles: The Cost Rese

Bail-in spreads fell across all three regions, indicating that investors viewed future bail-in as less likely after Credit Suisse. Related Articles:

AT1 and bail-in spreads rose together before the merger, showing that investors expected both creditor layers to absorb losses. Related Articles: The

Note: Dollar reserves blunt Fed shocks mainly where countries lack official swap or repo access. Related article: Gold Cannot Stop a Dollar Run: Why Dollar S

Note: The dollar still dominates official reserves, even as reserve managers diversify around the edges. Related article: Gold Cannot Stop a Dollar Run: Why D

Note: India and China still hold positive carbon-budget claims, while the United States and several advanced economies are already in carbon debt Related article:

Note: Problem-solving and personal-social losses generally deepen as cumulative FTTH exposure rises. Related article: The Broadband Problem Is an Atte

Note: FTTH exposure reduced communication and socio-emotional scores, with little change after child controls were added. Related article: The Broadban

Note: Greece and Italy posted the largest rises in investment shares, while Spain’s increase was modest. Related article:

Note: Greece and Spain recorded the strongest output gains, while all three countries outperformed the low-allocation group. Related article:

Note: More complex national plans were generally associated with slower grant disbursement. Related article: [Europ

Note: The estimated growth impulse was largest in countries with the biggest RRF programmes. Related article: [Europ

Note: Lower-income economies were expected to receive the largest GDP gains from NGEU. Related article: [Europe’s Fisc

Note: The euro area’s smaller venture-capital base limits late-stage scaling and domestic ownership retention. Related article: Europe

Note: Delays destroy more project value than higher electricity costs, making time to power a central constraint. Related article: Europ

Note: Foreign-IP payments show how technology adoption can rise without equivalent domestic fiscal capture. Related article: Europe’s AI

Note: Broader coverage raises more revenue but turns the levy into a wider tax on cross-border digital services. Related article: Taxing AI

Note: Amount A would reallocate only 25% of profit above the 10% profitability threshold to eligible market jurisdictions.

Note:  The measured share of excess profit changes sharply with the benchmark used to define a normal return. Related article: Taxing AI Profi