A small number of NFT sales created the illusion of a large and valuable market Infrequent trades and wash trading inflated prices and distorted demand Most NFT collections ultimately generated little or no real value A staggering ninety-

China’s investment fuels Southeast Asia’s growth but raises dependence The region has become the testing ground for China’s global leadership Mutual benefit—not dominance—will determine the partnership’s future In 2024,

War creates severe wartime labor market friction across sectors Ukraine shows rising unemployment and uneven wage recovery Smart labour policies can reduce wartime labor market friction When war strips a country of a th

AI is changing how income is distributed between workers and capital As automation expands, the labour share may fall, weakening tax bases and reshaping education systems Education policy must adapt now to prepare societies for an AI-driven economic structure

China’s rare earth dominance comes mainly from processing technology Supply disruptions often trigger innovation elsewhere Critical minerals cooperation is key for resilient supply chains In 2024, data indicate that Ch

Banking groups shift lending across affiliates when regulation tightens This weakens policies aimed only at banks Effective oversight requires sector-wide and global coordination The landscape of worldwide finance has experience

The oil price cap reduced Russian oil revenue without cutting global supply Oil producers adjust extraction timing based on future price expectations The oil price cap increased volatility but did not raise global oil prices

AI chip export controls are tools of geopolitical leverage, not just technology denial China’s pragmatic strategy limits the long-term impact of chip restrictions Effective AI chip export controls must tie semiconductor access to strategic conditions

Europe should build an EU industrial strategy based on its own strengths Subsidies work only when strong markets and supply chains exist Europe must reinforce its industrial advantages, not copy U.S.

Tariff uncertainty is the real cost of U.S. trade policy Asian economies must diversify trade partners Some firms reduce risk by producing in the United States In 2024, according to the U.S.

Chinese exports to EU rose mainly due to price advantages, not tariff diversion Subsidies and cost differences intensified price competition in Europe Policy responses must address structural trade distortions In 2025, Chin

CDS spreads do not always reflect true credit risk Market frictions and low liquidity distort price signals Better transparency can improve CDS market efficiency In global finance, the speed at which credit default sw

U.S. interest in Ukraine is about protecting system stability, not just territory Support for Ukraine strengthens deterrence, alliances, and the U.S.

Nuclear escalation risks now stem from fragile systems, not just intent Drones and misinformation shrink decision time and raise miscalculation Education can reduce nuclear escalation risks through civic resilience At the start of

Ukraine lessons for US military planning show that cheap drones and mass artillery now shape modern war Deterrence today depends on industrial scale, resilient logistics, and decentralized command Future conflicts will reward forces that combine high-end power with attrition resilience

Ukraine EU membership hinges less on speed and more on credible sequencing Reconstruction costs, public opinion, and veto politics demand phased and enforceable integration A structured, conditional pathway can secure Ukraine’s future while protecting EU cohesion

Europe must take greater responsibility for its own defence Higher spending alone will not guarantee security Real safety requires deeper European coordination European defense spending has seen a rapid increase, with

A US security guarantee for Ukraine must be credible and long term Twenty years is a recovery window, not a privilege Without enforceable guarantees, peace will remain fragile When Ukraine requests a 20-year security

Ukraine political stability will decide whether peace holds Support for a ceasefire depends on sovereignty and security guarantees Without trust and accountability, any deal will fail A key survey finding should inform any disc

A summer deal may meet deadlines but risk a fragile peace Costs, casualties, and public opinion demand sequencing, not spectacle Durable peace needs verification and guarantees—not a rushed signature The staggering cost of r