Europe must take greater responsibility for its own defence Higher spending alone will not guarantee security Real safety requires deeper European coordination European defense spending has seen a rapid increase, with

A US security guarantee for Ukraine must be credible and long term Twenty years is a recovery window, not a privilege Without enforceable guarantees, peace will remain fragile When Ukraine requests a 20-year security

Ukraine political stability will decide whether peace holds Support for a ceasefire depends on sovereignty and security guarantees Without trust and accountability, any deal will fail A key survey finding should inform any disc

A summer deal may meet deadlines but risk a fragile peace Costs, casualties, and public opinion demand sequencing, not spectacle Durable peace needs verification and guarantees—not a rushed signature The staggering cost of r

Russia’s economy is under strain, not collapse High rates and fading growth reveal deep structural limits behind wartime output Only calibrated economic pressure paired with credible exit paths can alter the Kremlin’s incentives

EU autonomy, U.S. guarantees, NATO credibility If Ukraine is the battlefield and Washington the guarantor, Europe is the arena in which the long-term consequences will be absorbed.

Small state vs empire logic At its core, the war in Ukraine is not only a military confrontation. It is a collision between two conceptions of political order: the sovereignty of small states and the strategic logic of empires.

NATO Expansion, Russian Resentment, European Complacency The war in Ukraine did not begin in 2022. It began in the failure of an assumption.

Deterrence, Diplomacy, and the Limits of American Commitment If the war in Ukraine is a test of European order, it is equally a test of American strategy.

In February 2022, Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine shattered more than a border. It disrupted a strategic assumption that had underwritten European politics for three decades: that order on the continent was durable, that interdependence reduced the probability of war, and that large-scale territorial revisionism had become prohibitively expensive in the modern international system.

Unemployed Growth

The Cost of Order: Taiwan and the Remaking of West Pacific

Democracy has been regarded as the golden rule to be the most stable and productive ruling system to human kind.

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